Friday 30 November 2018

Ideological Discourses in newspapers (feminism)



1)Make note of any language which assumes the reader holds the same attitudes/values as the writer?
The Guardian – The Guardian tends to concentrate on more political points of view due to being a newspaper for the more educated and higher class  i.e A or B m class males which suggests why they’ve chosen to take feminism from a political point of view. However, they have attempted to make a joke out of it suggesting that their going to be ‘mocking’ views on feminism as this if for a white upper class male.
Daily Mail – The Daily Mail also have attempted to mock females in power and be a bit sexist. However, due to being more of a female concentrated newspaper they’ve chosen to concentration most on women’s legs, a stereotypically nice part of the female body. By doing this they appeal to all genders and turn it into a more light hearted situation.
The Sun – The Sun however, have gone for a almost insulting approach, we know this from the language they use on the cover.  ‘Don’t call mums women’ and ‘could hurt trans parents’ sounds almost comical as well as ‘pregnant people is ok’’. It laughable due to the way they phrase it, it sounds as if a child. As well as that for a newspaper they use very informal language i.e. Trans instead of transgender. Although it’s an acceptable term its not the type of thing a person expects to see on a front cover.

2) List the ideological discourses which are referred to either directly or indirectly.
The Guardian – The Guardian headline suggests that having a female loader could be a disrupting circumstance and they almost doubt the female power which in turn is quite sexism but appeals to its target audience. As well as that by having the picture of Yvette Cooper in a unflattering position and Jeremy Corbyn looking more powerful it subliminally proposes that men, as they stand now, are more powerful than women and women who do try and gain power will always look silly.
Daily Mail – Like The Guardian, Daily Mail has took the stereotypical role of women and turned their article into that. Two women (Angela Merkel and Theresa May) and made them appear more revealing which downgrades them and makes them appear less powerful.
The sun – The Sun is suggesting that certain words that we have always said can be offensive to people in the LGBTQ community particularly Transgender people, a very good thing to address. However, they’ve taking a very serious topic and made it comical. And so, although their addressing a serious point that needs to be addressed their turning it into something they know their views will find appealing rather that addressing it formally.

3) Consider what part this particular article plays in maintaining the hegemonic*
belief. In other words, how does what is said correspond to what the reader wants to read?
The Guardian – concentration on the political side of feminism and try to minimise its importance but still inform its readers which appeals to their targeting audience (stereotypically a white,  upper class, middle aged, man).
Daily Mail – Try to appeal their audience which is stereotypically more of a female orientated audience and therefore turn serious topics into fashions and beauty which is a stereotypical thing for women to concentration on and not wanting to concentration on the actual power of women Ray their that fashion and beauty.
The Sun – Overall just mocks the whole topic. They make it comical and lower its importance and in a summary are quite offensive.

Monday 26 November 2018

Top newspapers

Overall-
1. Metro
2. The Guardian
3. The Sunday times
4. Daily mail
5. The times

Millennials
1. Meters
2. The Guardian
3. The times
4. The independent
5. Daily mail

Generation x
1. Metro
2. The Sun
3. The Guardian
4. The sun on Sunday
5. The Sunday times

Baby Boomers
1. Metro
2. Daily Mail
3. Mail on sundays
4. The Daily Telegraph
5. The Independent

Men
1. Metro
2. The guardian
3. The Sunday times
4. Financial Times
5. The Times

Women
1. Metro
2. Daily Mail
3. The guardian
4. The Times
5. The Sunday Times

Cons on online media

Only 140 characters to tell a story
Inaccurate/facts missing
Journalistic integrity could be compromised
Amateur reports putting themselves in harms was to get the scoop

News addicts

Fix - addicted to News
Track - access news regularly to keep up to date
Fill - access news to fill time I.e. on a commute
Indulge - makes time to enjoy news or as a break
Invest - read the news regularly to get in-depth perspectives

Millennials are more likely to be fix/track
Boomers are more likely to be fill/invest

News times for Boomers -
6 o’clock news on BBC
Channel 4 7pm news
10 o’clock BBC

Thursday 22 November 2018

Why have newspaper sales declined ?

There are many reasons why there has been a decrease in newspaper sales, the main one being due to having it all accessible on mobile devises and tablets instead. Since 2000 55% of  the public said that they’d prefer to use mobile devises to get their news rather than a newspaper. Most phones these days already have a news app pre-installed or can be accessible in the App Store. These apps contain live updates making them much more efficient than a newspaper as the news is never delayed. The only flaw to having it online is not having internet. However, internet is so available these days that its almost always accessible if not then people usually have mobile data. As well as that the physical activity of going out to get a newspaper cant always fit into the average persons routine suggesting why the average age group to get newspapers is 50s+ not only that but a lot of the older generation don’t have an iPhone to be able to access the news that way. Finally, you have to pay for a physical copy of a newspaper roughly cost £1 for each copy and around £2 for a Sunday edition if you ad that up over the year its around £448 pounds a year compared to a free online version.

In contrary to that, free newspapers are available to people who commute on the train/tube which are often used (although it takes a few people to clear up the litter from all the newspapers afterwards) although their often a mid-market newspaper so you don’t get to choose whether you get celebrity gossip or politics which can be unappealing. Not only that but a lot of people like the trip down to the paper shop to get the paper and like having that physical copy in their hand which can be considered more satisfying rather than a mobile devise. The beauty of having a physical copy is you get to choose what newspaper you want to buy from and support in according to your person likes/dislikes/views and opinions. For example The Daily mail is conservative based and The Mirror being labour based based on your personal opinion could be what paper you read. This is why a lot of people stick to newspapers rather than using digital devices.

Overall, newspaper sales have defiantly been decreasing due to advancements in technology making things easier and more efficient which overall has benefitted more people overall making it more popular hence why digital newspapers are increasing.

Guardian news values And target audience


This video, which is on The Guardians home page, shows all the different people that it advertises to in order to attract people to them rather than another newspaper. It caters to people of all ethnicities, different cultures and LGBTQ... everybody and that’s why a reader should choose them.  As well as that by including Trump in the video it suggests that they also concentrating on politics making it hard news orientated.


Guardian reader profile

All Adults %
Guardian reader
Guardian reader %
Solus73300080%
Social GradeA5%158,00014%
AB26%696,00062%
ABC154%994,00089%
Age Group15-2416%200,00018%
25-3416%177,00016%
35-4417%180,00016%
45-5417%194,00017%
55-6414%190,00017%
65+20%178,00016%
GenderMale49%597,00053%
Female51%522,00047%
ABC1 men27%528,00047%
ABC1 women28%460,00041%
EducationTEA 18+37%81373%
TEA 21+22%69862%
Working statusFull Time42%525,00047%
Full time 35+27%363,00032%
Full time 45+17%245,00025%
All figures are based on Monday-Sunday average issue readership.
Solus = guardian readers who do not read any other quality daily newspaper
TEA = Terminal education age 

The guardian is very subjective with their views rather than objective.

The Guardian case study

First published in 1821
Not profiting driven, not a commercial - Scott Trust
Hoping to break even this year for the first time ever
Have reached one million online subscribers this year
Created positive actions scheme to encourage ethnic minorities to break down barriers as the decision makers are white male oxbridge home countries types
proud of their Windrush coverage which was initially just one story and then grew to the extent that Amber Rudd had to redesign
osama Bin laden wrote column in The Guardian as a one off
Wiki leaks and Ed Snowden story gained recognition abroad

Wednesday 21 November 2018

Daily mail news values and targeting audience

Three different types of daily mail -
-Daily mail
-Mail on Sunday
-Online
Three different view points and audiences

Target audience - Older generation (50s and over)

Males like a physical copy
Females like the online news

C1, C2 and D audience

Right wing politically
Supports brexit
Loves the royal family
Environmental campaigns
More local news

MailOnline -
41% male viewers
59% female viewers

Time spent online per visitor for a month is around 53 minutes


Tuesday 20 November 2018

C - Continuity: Stories that are already in news continue to run are updated.
U - Unexpectedness: An event that is a shock or out of the ordinary.
P - Personalisation: Stories that include human interest.
P - Proximity: Stories that are closer to home.
T - Threshold: The bigger the impact and reach of the story.
U - Unambiguous: Stories that are easy to understand.
N - Negativity: Bad news is more interesting.
E - Elite Persons: Stories about important people and powerful nations.

Monday 19 November 2018

Newspaper industries student research

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/720400/180621_Mediatique_-_Overview_of_recent_dynamics_in_the_UK_press_market_-_Report_for_DCMS.pd
1) In the Executive Summary, paragraph 4 the overview identifies that: ‘today’s aggregate advertising expenditure and net circulation figures equate to about half of their 2007 value.’ Bullet point why you think this is the case.
Amount of Advertising has halved since 2007 because:
- More expensive
- decreasing revenue
- Harder to find people who can advertise your industry

2)On page 7, the market structure is analysed using data provided by the ABC. Who are the ABC and why is their data collection so important for newspaper owners and advertisers?

The ABC “delivers industry-agreed standards for media brand measurement across print, digital and events”

3) On page 17, paragraph 2.14 the overview identifies the circulation figures of Sunday newspapers. Thinking do you think Sunday newspapers have traditionally sold more copies than their daily counterparts? about your set  products and audience consumption, why?

I think that all Sunday newspapers typically sell more compared to other days of the weeks due to more poeple having free time to actually ready and buy it due to not working

4) What are the leading broadsheet, tabloid and mid-market tabloids in terms of circulation? What are their daily circulation figures?
The lead Broadsheet = The guardian at 1884
The lead Tabloid = The Sun (the top newspaper overall) at 3417
The lead mid-market = Daily Mail at 2974.

5) Think about The Guardian and the daily mail - describe their position in the market place.

The Guardian and The daily mail both concentrate on more global news for the public including politics (hard news) which are stereo-typically for a upper class citizen suggesting that they are more sophisticated. However, The Daily Mail is much more popular than the guardian possible because it also contains some soft news which can be an easier read. 

6) The Guardian is 'owned by Scott Trust, a private company whose core purpose is 'to unsure the financial and editorial independence of  The Guardian.' How can this be linked with the news values of the newspaper? 

The news values are CUPPTUNE (Continuity, Unexpectedness, Personalisation, Proximity, Threshold, Unambiguous, Negativity and Elite Persons) all these things are important in order to appeal to their targeting audience. 
7) In terms of digital distribution, what do you think has been more important to the brand identity of national newspapers, the online website or app mobile platforms? Why/How?                                       I feel that mobile app platforms have been more important to digital distribution as having a news app it much easier to access as well as providing live notifications making it more efficient. Not only that but due to mobile apps constantly being there it is less likely to forget about news updates. Overall making it a better choice and a more popular choice.

8) A lack of 'trust' in newspapers is identified. Why do you think this is?  

The UK has by far the least trusted “written press”of any European country, according to the survey. Its net trust score is minus 51, which is the percentage points difference between those who tend to trust the written press versus those who do not. In the UK people trust social networking more to gather their news rather than a newspaper and trust TV news even more. This could be because TV news is live and therefore more trustful and cannot be edited as much as well as that due to social media being a huge part of this generation we are almost forced into believe the things we here online. However, Newspapers can be edited and bias. 

The independent press standards organisation are the regulators 





The Independent Press Standards Organisations (IPSO) are the regulators for most of the UK's newspapers and magazines. They hold newspapers and magazines to account for their actions, protect individual rights, uphold high standards of journalism and maintain freedom of expression for the press. They make sure that member newspapers and magazines follow the editors code.




Friday 16 November 2018


How does your chosen newspaper represent the issue?
This newspaper makes the issue (the issue being the 2007 riots) more melicious than it actually was. They Hide the persons face and purposely make them more menacing than they should. For all we know this person was just passing by however by not being able to see their facial expression due to being turned away and covered it elevates the devastation in this photo. As well as that the person passing is carrying a drinks bottle which could suggest that he’s just passing through his neighbourhood and this is the normal thing he sees on the streets proposing that it has become a casual event affecting peoples lives which makes this image more saddening as we feel more sympathy.

How does the selection of images and language shape and influence the audience?
The single image to the story brings a lot of attention due to the bright flames which we are immediately drawn to. However, a closer look allows us to deduce the image more and read more into it-doing this allows us to see the devastation which makes us want to read more and find out the story especially as its in our own country which makes it closer to home. However like an average newspapers there are smaller images promoting smaller stories which are also bold and bright which a reader might want to look at.

What is the cumulative effect of these “repeated patterns of representation over long
periods”?
We, being the audience, begin to think that all areas of London are ‘dodgy’ and that anybody living in a stereotypical rough area is altomatically a criminal as well as having rasial connertations.






George Gerbner

Gerbner argues that exposure to repeated patterns of representation over long periods of time can shape and influence the way in which people perceive the world around them

Subjects in the news such as:
Pro/anti Corbin, May and Trump
Brexit/Remain
Immirgration
Muslims
Mass shootings
Rich/poor divide

Thursday 15 November 2018

Broadsheet Vs Tabloid Vs Mid-markets

Soft News VS Hard News

Soft News = celebrity gossip, weather, football, art and culture and entertainment
Hard News - Politics, war and conflict, health and education

Types of newspapers

1) Tabloid (The Sun) - subjective
2) Broadsheet (The Guardian) - objective
3) Mid-Market (Daily mail)
4) Local newspapers (Essex chronicle)
5) Free sheets (metero)

Paper fonts

Serif font - Curley font
San serif font - straight and easy to read


Tuesday 13 November 2018

News values

Threshold = the bigger the impact and reach of the story
Unexpectedness =  an event that is out of the ordinary
Negativity = Bad news is more interesting
Elite persons = stories about important people and powerful means
Unambiguous = stories that are easy to understand
Personalisation  = stories that include personal interest
Proximity = stories that are closer to home
Continuity = stories that are already in the news, continue to update

Media representations and different perspectives

The times =
Who was involved?
The wife, the husband (murdered), the twins, neighbors
What happened?
‘A 33 year old man was arrested last night in connection with the killing of a one year old boy in an incident in Finsbury Park, north London.’
When did it happen?
Police were called at 11:10 pm
The boy was pronounced dead just before 1am
Where?
Finsbury Park, north London
How?
Does say
Why?
Doesn’t say only talks about the aftermath

Daily mail =
Who was involved?
Mum, dad and the twins, neighbors
What happened ?
A man has been held over a suspected hammer attack on twin toddlers. He killed one and left the other fighting for life
Where did it happen?
Property in Hackney, north London
When did it happen?
Police where called at 11:10pm
How did it happen?
Doesn’t say
Why did it happen?
Husband though that kids weren’t his- jealousy

The difference between the newspapers -
The times leaves out a lot of details into why and how it happened possible because of it being too grim to discuss in this type of newspaper. However there’s a lot of detail to do with the ‘aftermath’
The Daily Mail includes details on how and why everything happened in more dramatic detail.

Advantages and disadvantages of online newspapers


Advantages
Get news quicker - as soon as it happens
Live updates
Always got it on you
Choose what u want to read - personal preference
Free (paywalls for Daily telegraph, the times)
Comments on news
Easy to share stories

Disadvantages
Holding something with a newspaper-like the feeling
Internet needed
Can’t keep the story
Less accessible for older generation
Need WiFi
Technical errors
Pop ups
Eye strain



Tuesday 6 November 2018

The News


Online - the guardian and mail websites
Social - Twitter, Instagram and Facebook
Participatory - people’s comments

45 marks 20% of overall mark

Newspapers have been around since mid 17th century (probably earlier in various forms)
Until the 20th century (and the introduction of audio Visual broadcasting-radio/pathé news) newspapers were the primary means of bringing news to the public. Unlike news broadcasting, newspapers do not have to be impartial - they are allowed to show their political bias. They are largely self regulating. They have a regulating body - IPSO (largely self regulating.

The Markets =
Popular- The Sun, The Mirror, The People and The Star
Mid market- Daily Mail, The Mail, Metero and Daily Express
Quality- The Daily Telegraph, The guardian, The Times

Differences between Tabloids and Broadsheets 
Tabloid =
More pictures
Bold titles / big fonts
Extra bold titles
Lots of pictures
Pun Esk titles
No information
Aiming at lower social groups (C2, D and E)

Broadsheet =
Larger in size
Smaller font
More info
Bigger prize
More in depth
One main image
Bold title
More value for money
Upper class
Adverts targeting main audience  



Friday 2 November 2018

Music video - gender stereotypes

Stuart Hall

Oppositional reading = don’t believe anything
Negotiated reading = taking with a pinch of salt
Preferred reading = totally gullible

Looking into the power of mass culture and mass media in: DRCAGES
Believe the media are the cause of stereotypes
Believe stereotypes when dominant ideologies are involved

Dominant Ideology -
Stereotypes = the idea that media/companies are run by a white, straight, Christian man
ArcheTypes = this is the ‘ultimate stereotype’ for example a girl from essex is dumb, orange, blonde with bad eyebrows and extreamly white teeth
Countertypes =  a positive stereotype and emphasises the positive features about a person

DISABILITY - mental vs physical
REGIONALISM
CLASS - old money vs new money
AGE - teenagers are illmanered, aggressive, immature, lazy, screen addicted and hormonal
GENDER- women are weaker than men, men provide the majority income, women only look after children
Ethnicity
SEXUALITY - people who like the same gender where born differently

Radio Revision

PSB = public service broadcast Competition is Kiss and Capital Ofcom regulates radio - three-second delay World wide, Capital (London ...